路加福音 第20 章 Luke Chpater 20
- 馬克牧師
- 5 days ago
- 10 min read
Updated: 4 days ago
各位弟兄姊妹平安，今天我們要一起讀的是《路加福音》第20章。
這一章非常精彩，其中包含了三個主要的對話故事。耶穌在這裡展現了祂極高的智慧與邏輯，用非常清晰的方式回應了法利賽人、文士與撒都該人的挑戰。像是三國演義裡面諸葛亮在江東舌戰群儒的場面，今天有耶穌舌戰宗教人士，也是一場精彩絕倫的辯論。
特別值得我們注意的是：耶穌在回答問題的時候，從不靠聲量壓制對方，也不需要激動或高聲喊叫。祂只是安靜地指出對方邏輯上的錯誤，讓挑戰祂的人啞口無言。這堪稱是辯論藝術的最高境界。
我們看到，法利賽人與撒都該人其實根本不是為了尋求智慧才來問問題的，他們只是想找耶穌的麻煩。然而，耶穌沒有被他們帶偏，反而用真理照亮他們自己話語裡的矛盾。
這也讓我們反思，在我們的人生中，很多困難其實不是出在環境，而是出在我們自己的理性打結了。我們常常在沒有弄清楚邏輯、沒有用智慧思考的狀況下做出選擇，結果自然就陷入了痛苦與混亂。
但當我們願意回到真理，願意用正確的邏輯與智慧面對人生，大多數的問題，其實就會迎刃而解。
接下來，我們來看《路加福音》第20章中，耶穌連續精彩應對三個陷阱性的提問，每一場都堪稱邏輯與智慧的完勝。
第一局：誰給你權柄？
這一場是由法利賽人發起的挑戰。他們來問耶穌：「你憑什麼這樣做？你有什麼權柄？誰給你這個權柄？」
這問題的目的，不是為了了解真相，而是為了陷害耶穌。他們想要耶穌自己說出口，然後他們就可以指控他「褻瀆神明」或「擅自妄為」。
但耶穌的回答非常巧妙。他反問：「施洗約翰的權柄，是從天上來的，還是從人來的呢？」
這一問，直接讓這些人邏輯卡住。如果他們說「從天上來的」，那耶穌就可以追問：「那你們為什麼不信他？」但如果他們說「是從人來的」，又怕被百姓攻擊，因為眾人都尊敬施洗約翰。
於是，他們只好回答：「我們不知道。」耶穌便說：「那我也不告訴你我憑什麼權柄做這些事。」
這一回合，耶穌沒有爭論，沒有辯解，而是讓對方自己承認自己的邏輯是自相矛盾的。完勝。
第二局：該不該納稅給凱撒？
這是第二個陷阱，設計更精密。當時羅馬政府向猶太人徵收人頭稅，雖然金額不高，但對猶太人來說，這是極大的羞辱。他們只願意納聖殿稅，不願向外邦人（特別是羅馬）繳稅。
這個問題非常棘手。如果耶穌說「應該納稅」，他就會被控告為背叛民族，失去百姓的支持；但如果他說「不應該納稅」，就等著被羅馬政府以叛亂罪抓起來。
那耶穌怎麼回答呢？祂請他們拿出一個銀幣，然後問：「這上面的像和號是誰的？」他們回答：「是凱撒的。」
耶穌就說了那句流傳千古的話：「凱撒的物當歸給凱撒，神的物當歸給神。」
這句話有兩層意思：
第一層：邏輯拆彈
耶穌指出，既然你們使用凱撒發行的貨幣，就代表你們也承認他的統治權。那麼，納稅這件事，不就是你們理所當然應該做的嗎？這不是神學問題，而是邏輯問題。你既然在用凱撒的錢，你就不能說自己不受凱撒的管轄。
第二層：屬靈權柄的提醒
更深一層的含義是：凱撒的權柄，其實也來自於上帝的容許。地上的政權是上帝所設定的治理秩序。若政權合乎神的心意，就能得以延續；若違背神的公義，也終將敗壞。
所以，把該給凱撒的給凱撒，但更重要的是——我們的生命、我們的敬拜、我們的心——這些屬神的東西，必須全然歸給神。
耶穌用一句話，既沒有違背律法，也沒有觸怒羅馬，更讓那些想設陷阱的人啞口無言。
第二局，耶穌再度完勝。
第三局：撒都該人的挑戰 —— 關於復活
第三回合，輪到撒都該人上場。他們試圖挑戰耶穌，這次的主題是——復活。
不過，有趣的事情來了。撒都該人本身根本不相信復活！他們跟羅馬人走得比較近，對於摩西五經以外的經文一律不承認，也不相信天使、不相信靈界、不相信有來世，所以對他們來說，什麼復活、永生、天堂地獄，通通都是不存在的。
結果呢？今天這群不相信復活的人，居然跑來問耶穌一個關於復活的問題。這不是邏輯打結是什麼？
他們編出一個很長的假設情境，大概是這樣的：有個女人嫁給一個男人，但丈夫死了，按猶太律法她改嫁給丈夫的弟弟。結果弟弟也死了，又嫁下一個，最後連續嫁了七個兄弟都死了，他們問耶穌：「那麼到了復活的時候，這女人到底是誰的妻子？」
這聽起來是不是有點熟悉？對，就是典型的邏輯詭辯，把一個你不相信的理論，硬湊上一個你自己設計的極端案例，然後想要讓對方無話可說。有時候我們碰到一些問問題的未信者也會來一些類似的 “假設“ 問題。你該注意的不是問題，而是發問題的人，當你注意聽，你就會知道這個發問的人是為了要求知，還是找麻煩，你就可以有相對應的回答了。
接下來，我們來看耶穌怎麼精彩地回應撒都該人對「復活」的挑戰。
這一段回應，是耶穌引用了撒都該人唯一認可的經文來源——就是摩西五經中的《出埃及記》第三章第1到第6節，這是關於摩西在荊棘火焰中與神相遇的記載。
上帝親口對摩西說：「我是亞伯拉罕的神、以撒的神、雅各的神。」
這裡的動詞非常關鍵——祂說的是「我是」，不是「我曾經是」。也就是說，在摩西那個時代，亞伯拉罕、以撒、雅各早就已經肉身離世四百多年了，但神仍然說：「我是他們的神」。
這是什麼意思？這代表這三位信心偉人還活著！只是他們不再活在肉身、不在地上，而是活在上帝的面前。耶穌總結這段話的時候說：
「神不是死人的神，乃是活人的神。」（路加福音 20:38）
換句話說，既然神是活人的神，那就說明亞伯拉罕、以撒、雅各雖然在肉身上死了，但在神那裡卻仍然是活的。他們已經復活，不是將要，而是已經——因為神看他們是活著的。
這一句引用，讓撒都該人啞口無言。因為耶穌不是拿別的經文來辯論，而是拿撒都該人自己認可的摩西經典，也就是《出埃及記》，來證明他們的錯誤。這不只是邏輯的勝利，更是神學上的制勝一擊。
同時，耶穌也補充了一個很重要的觀念：
「地上的事，不能拿來衡量天上的事。」
你不能用地上的婚姻制度，去推論天上的情況；你不能用肉體的限制，去理解復活的榮耀。撒都該人的問題，是他們企圖用人間的思維去測量永恆的事，但天上的真理，必須用天上的眼光去看。
這段回應再次展現耶穌無與倫比的智慧，不僅拆解了詭辯的問題，還向我們揭示一個極大的盼望：
復活是真實的，生命不止於此，信靠上帝的人雖然死了，仍然必活著。
總結
三場問答，三場完勝。耶穌沒有用權威壓人、也沒有情緒反擊，而是用智慧和真理拆解了每一個陷阱。
祂讓我們看到：當人願意用真誠的心來尋求智慧，神會賜下清楚的答案；但當我們用詭詐的心來挑戰神的真理，最後只會暴露自己的無知與驕傲。
而今天的提醒是，我們的人生中，其實很多的掙扎與卡關，不是來自於「做不到」，而是來自於我們的邏輯卡住了、心態錯誤了、真理沒搞懂。
回到神的話語，用真理去對齊我們的思維，很多問題，其實不再是問題。
耶穌這一篇漂亮的辯論，值得我們一讀再讀。感謝各位的聆聽，我們明天繼續分享第二十一章的故事。願上帝祝福各位！
Peace to you, dear brothers and sisters.
Today, we’re reading Luke chapter 20 — and what a brilliant chapter it is! It contains three main encounters where Jesus faces intense challenges, and in each one, He demonstrates incredible wisdom and logic. It’s like watching Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, verbally sparring with scholars — only this time, it's Jesus out-debating the religious elites with divine clarity.
What stands out to me is this:Jesus never needed to shout, overpower others with volume, or get emotionally reactive.He simply pointed out the flaws in their logic — calmly and clearly — and left His challengers speechless. That, right there, is the highest form of debate.
The Pharisees, Sadducees, and scribes didn’t come to Jesus seeking wisdom; they came looking for trouble. But Jesus didn’t fall into their traps — instead, He used the light of truth to expose the contradictions in their own words.
And this invites us to reflect on something important:Many of the problems in our lives don’t actually come from our environment — they come from confusion in our own thinking. When our reasoning gets tangled, when we make decisions without clear logic or wisdom, we naturally end up in pain and chaos.
But when we return to truth — when we align our minds with sound thinking and spiritual clarity — most of our problems begin to unravel and resolve.
So let’s take a look at the three trap-like questions Jesus answered in Luke 20, and how He masterfully responded to each — three matches, three perfect victories.
Round One: “By what authority do you do these things?”
This first challenge was launched by the Pharisees.They asked Jesus, “By what authority are you doing these things? Who gave you this authority?”
This wasn’t an honest question. They were hoping Jesus would say something they could use to accuse Him of blasphemy or acting without rightful authority.
But Jesus responded cleverly:He asked them, “Was the baptism of John from heaven or from man?”
This question cornered them.If they answered “from heaven,” Jesus would ask, “Then why didn’t you believe him?”But if they said “from man,” they feared the people, because everyone regarded John as a prophet.
So they had no choice but to say, “We don’t know.”To which Jesus replied, “Then neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.”
Jesus didn’t argue. He simply exposed their flawed reasoning.Round one: Jesus wins.
Round Two: “Is it right to pay taxes to Caesar?”
This second trap was even more dangerous.
The Roman empire required the Jews to pay a poll tax. Though it wasn’t much financially, it was a huge insult to Jewish pride. They believed they should only pay temple taxes, never taxes to pagan rulers. So this was a hot-button issue.
The question was designed as a lose-lose:If Jesus said, “Yes, pay the tax,” He’d be seen as a traitor to the Jewish people.If He said, “No, don’t pay it,” He could be arrested for inciting rebellion against Rome.
But Jesus asked them to bring Him a denarius and said, “Whose image and inscription is on this coin?”They answered, “Caesar’s.”
Then Jesus gave the timeless reply:“Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.”
There are two layers to this response:
First: He dismantled their logic.If you're using Caesar’s coin — which bears his image and inscription — then you’re already acknowledging his authority. So paying taxes isn't even a theological question. It's just basic logic.
Second: He reminded them of spiritual sovereignty.All earthly power, including Caesar’s, only exists by God’s allowance. Government exists under God’s ultimate rule. If a government aligns with God’s justice, it will endure. If it defies Him, it will fall.
So yes, give Caesar what belongs to Caesar — but far more importantly, give God what belongs to God: your heart, your worship, your whole life.
Round two: another flawless win for Jesus.
Round Three: The Sadducees and the Resurrection
Now the Sadducees step in with a new topic — the resurrection.
But here’s the twist: Sadducees didn’t even believe in the resurrection.They rejected anything outside the Torah (the first five books of Moses), didn’t believe in angels, the afterlife, or any spiritual realm beyond this life.
And yet, here they were, asking Jesus a convoluted hypothetical question about resurrection!They told a story of a woman who married seven brothers in succession (as per Jewish levirate law), and asked, “In the resurrection, whose wife will she be?”
This is textbook bad-faith argument — taking a belief you don’t even accept, twisting it into an extreme, unrealistic scenario, and using it to mock someone else's belief. Sound familiar?
Sometimes we encounter skeptics who ask similar hypothetical questions not to seek answers, but to trip us up. That’s when it helps to discern the heart behind the question — are they genuinely seeking truth, or just looking to argue?
Jesus’ Brilliant Response
Jesus answered by quoting from the only scripture the Sadducees accepted — the Torah.He pointed to Exodus 3:1–6, where God appears to Moses in the burning bush and says:
“I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.”
Notice that — “I am,” not “I was.”By the time of Moses, those patriarchs had been physically dead for centuries.And yet, God still referred to Himself as their God — in the present tense.
That means Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob are still alive — not in the flesh, but in the presence of God.
Jesus concluded:“He is not the God of the dead, but of the living.” (Luke 20:38)
This absolutely silenced the Sadducees.Jesus didn’t quote other books they would reject — He used their own source of truth to dismantle their flawed theology. A masterclass in logic and theology.
He also added this essential insight:“You cannot measure heavenly things by earthly standards.”Don’t try to understand the resurrection through the lens of marriage laws or physical bodies. Eternal truths require a heavenly perspective.
This response didn’t just win the debate — it gave us great hope:Resurrection is real. Death is not the end.Those who trust in God will live, even though they die.
Round three: Jesus, undefeated.
Final Thoughts
Three questions.Three traps.Three undeniable victories.
Jesus didn’t use power or emotion to silence His opponents — He used truth and wisdom.
And He showed us: when someone comes with a genuine heart seeking understanding, God will give clear answers. But when we approach truth with deception or pride, we’ll only expose our own ignorance.
The reminder for us today is this:Many of our struggles in life don’t come from not being able — but from not thinking clearly, or from having the wrong heart, or misunderstanding the truth.
When we align our minds with God’s word, when we let truth reset our perspective — many of the problems that once seemed huge begin to dissolve.
Jesus’ masterful responses in Luke 20 are worth reading again and again.Thanks for listening.Tomorrow, we’ll move into chapter 21 and see what else the Lord wants to show us.
God bless you all!
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