路加福音 第十章 10:25-42 Luke Chapter 10:25-42
- 馬克牧師
- Mar 17
- 9 min read
各位弟兄姊妹平安！
今天我們繼續閱讀《路加福音》第十章的下半段，從第25節開始，這裡記載了一個非常經典的故事——好撒瑪利亞人的比喻。這個故事不僅影響了基督教信仰，也深刻地影響了道德倫理，甚至成為現代社會對「無私幫助他人」的象徵。
然而，若我們要更深入理解這個比喻的含義，我們需要先了解當時的時空背景，以及耶穌為何要講這個故事。
故事的背景與時代處境
這段經文的開頭，記載了一位律法師來試探耶穌，他問道：「夫子，我該做什麼才可以承受永生？」（路加福音 10:25）
這個問題其實並不陌生，在福音書中，不少人都問過耶穌類似的問題。這位律法師並不是誠心想尋求答案，而是想要試探耶穌，看看祂的回答是否符合猶太律法。
耶穌沒有直接回答，而是反問他：「律法上寫的是什麼？你念的是怎樣的？」（10:26）律法師的回答很標準，他引用了申命記 6:5 和 利未記 19:18，這是猶太人最重要的兩條誡命：
「你要盡心、盡性、盡力、盡意愛主—你的神。」
「又要愛鄰舍如同自己。」
耶穌認可他的回答，並對他說：「你這樣行，就必得永生。」（10:28）然而，這位律法師並不滿足，他又問了一個關鍵問題：「誰是我的鄰舍？」（10:29）我們之前提過關於口傳律法的事情，比如說關於安息是不可工作，與其簡簡單單地服從這一個命令，猶太律法師開始寫出長篇大論的文字來對工作下個定義。這時候這個律法師所想要做的事情也是類似：律法是這樣說沒錯，但是我們得要定義一下誰是鄰舍吧？
這個問題的背後，隱藏著當時猶太人對「鄰舍」的狹隘理解。在猶太人的觀念裡，鄰舍通常指的是「與我同族、同信仰的猶太人」。在我們自己的內心裡，我們可能都已經有一個自己的定義：來我教會的弟兄姊妹，我的家人，我的家族親戚，我的朋友（當時是我喜歡的那一部分朋友）等等的。我們覺得，這些人就足夠是我們的 “鄰舍“ 了。耶穌回答這個問題，不是用理論來解釋，而是講了一個故事：「有一個人從耶路撒冷下耶利哥去，落在強盜手中，他們剝去他的衣裳，把他打個半死，就丟下他走了。」（10:30）
當時，從耶路撒冷到耶利哥的路是一條危險的山路，長約 27 公里，途中充滿盜賊，經常發生搶劫事件。這一類事情很經常發生。接著，故事裡出現了三個人物：
（1） 祭司——看見了，卻從旁邊過去
「偶然有一個祭司從這條路下來，看見他，就從那邊過去了。」（10:31）祭司是在聖殿中侍奉的宗教人士。這個祭司記得的律法是：如果觸摸死人，那他就會不潔淨，如此他就不能夠在聖殿中服事。在聖殿中輪值服事可是難得一次的榮耀事情。雖然他並不確定這個人是否已經死了，但為了 “自己的宗教要求“，這個祭司選擇多一事不如少一事，忽略這個人了。
（2） 利未人——看見了，卻從旁邊過去
「又有一個利未人來到這地方，看見他，也照樣從那邊過去了。」（10:32）利未一族是專門被上帝揀選來做是聖殿中的各樣工作，這個人可能是害怕這個躺在地上的人是個誘餌 – 有時候強盜也會使用人的同情心來誘騙路過的人，所以這個利未人也選擇了自身安全，沒有伸出援手。這兩個人都是猶太人敬重的宗教人士，但他們都沒有行動。而他們的 “理由” 可能在文士心中是合情合理的。
（3） 撒瑪利亞人——憐憫並行動
「但有一個撒瑪利亞人，行路來到那裡，看見他，就動了慈心。」（10:33）
在當時，猶太人和撒瑪利亞人彼此仇視，他們有長久的宗教和歷史衝突。猶太人視撒瑪利亞人為異端、外邦人，甚至不願意跟他們往來，覺得跟他們說話都是令人噁心的事情。之前我們看到一個撒瑪利亞人的村莊不接待他們，甚至問耶穌是不是該降下火來燒滅這個村莊的態度，就知道撒瑪利亞人和猶太人是的世仇態度了。
然而，在這個故事裡，卻是這位「不被猶太人接受」的撒瑪利亞人，真正行出了愛鄰舍的誡命！
他不但停下來幫助這位傷者，還進一步行動：
用油和酒包裹他的傷口（對他施與醫治與照顧）
扶他上自己的牲口（讓他享受自己的權利）
帶他到客店安置（象徵持續的關懷）
甚至留下銀錢，並承諾會給更多，請客店主人繼續照顧他（象徵愛心的延續）
這完全超越了猶太人對「鄰舍」的狹隘定義。
耶穌的結論
最後，耶穌問律法師：「這三個人，你想誰是落在強盜手中的鄰舍呢？」（10:36）
你這裡看一個細節，律法師不想回答「撒瑪利亞人」，因為他對撒瑪利亞人仍有偏見，所以他只回答：「是憐憫他的。」（10:37）
耶穌最後說了一句至關重要的話：「你去照樣行吧！」（10:37）
這個比喻對我們的意義
這段經文給我們幾個深刻的提醒：
1. 鄰舍的定義被擴展了 猶太人當時認為「鄰舍」只是指自己的族人，但耶穌讓我們明白：「鄰舍」是指所有需要幫助的人，不因他們的身份地位，種族國籍而有差別。
2. 真正的愛是行動，不是學術上的成就，也不是職位上的頭銜，而是真正發自內心的憐憫和行動。牧師，長老，執事，這些教會內的頭銜並不代表一個人擁有真正的愛心。任何一個基督徒 – 無論他有什麼職位或頭銜 – 都可以，也都應該，去行出愛的表現。撒瑪利亞人不僅「心裡憐憫」，他還親手包紮、用錢幫助、持續照顧，這是一種有行動的愛。
3. 耶穌要我們「去照樣行吧」 這不是一個故事，而是一個行動的呼召 —— 我們是否願意幫助那些與我們不同、不熟悉，甚至有衝突的人？
馬大與馬莉亞的故事最後，我們來看 馬大與馬利亞的故事（路加福音 10:38-42）。這段經文雖然只有四節，卻描述了一個生動且深刻的場景。
馬大與馬利亞的性格差異
雖然她們是姐妹，但兩人的性格截然不同，服事方式也不一樣。馬利亞 坐在耶穌腳前聽道，而 馬大 則忙於服事，因事多心亂。
當馬大忙碌時，她對耶穌說：「主啊，我的妹子留下我一人伺候，你不在意嗎？請吩咐她來幫助我。」耶穌卻回答：「馬大，馬大！你為許多的事思慮煩擾，但不可少的只有一件，馬利亞
已經選擇那上好的福分，是不能奪去的。」
耶穌的回應
耶穌並沒有責備馬大的服事，而是提醒她：「不可少的只有一件」，也就是 親近主、聆聽祂的話語 是首要的。
在教會裡，我們是否有時也會遇到這樣的衝突？那些經常做事的人會批評那些不參與服事的人：「你們怎麼都不幫忙呢？」反過來，那些比較喜歡安靜思考、靈修禱告的人，可能會覺得：「你們怎麼就不能靜下心來，好好親近神呢？」
人的性格本就不同，上帝並沒有要我們變得一模一樣，因此我們需要學會彼此尊重。然而，我們應當明白，那「上好的福分」只有一個——就是首先來到上帝面前，親近祂，與祂同行。
當我們確立了這個根基後，接下來仍然可以去做該做的事情。但在服事的過程中，我們不應該用自己的標準去批判別人，也不應該過度在意他人的行為。真正的服事，不是為了彰顯自己的能幹，而是專心地完成上帝交託給我們的事。
今日屬靈反思
誰是我的鄰舍？我們心目中認為應該幫助的對象，和真正需要幫助的對象，是一樣的嗎？我內心定義鄰舍的範圍是誰呢？上好的福份是親近耶穌。我們不要因為服事太多，反而離棄了與上帝相處的時間了。感謝大家的聆聽，願上帝祝福各位！🙏
Peace be with you, brothers and sisters!
Today, we continue reading the second half of Luke 10, starting from verse 25, which records a very classic story—the Parable of the Good Samaritan. This parable not only influences Christian faith but has also profoundly shaped moral ethics, even becoming a symbol of selfless assistance in modern society.
However, to fully understand the deeper meaning of this parable, we need to first explore its historical and cultural background and understand why Jesus told this story.
Background and Context of the Story
At the beginning of this passage, a lawyer came to test Jesus by asking:"Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?" (Luke 10:25)
This question is not unfamiliar. Many people in the Gospels asked Jesus similar questions. However, the lawyer did not ask sincerely; he was trying to test Jesus to see if His answer aligned with Jewish law.
Jesus did not answer directly but instead asked:"What is written in the Law? How do you read it?" (Luke 10:26)
The lawyer gave a standard answer, quoting Deuteronomy 6:5 and Leviticus 19:18—the two most important commandments in Jewish belief:
"You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind."
"And you shall love your neighbor as yourself."
Jesus affirmed his response and said:"You have answered correctly; do this, and you will live." (Luke 10:28)
However, the lawyer was not satisfied and asked a crucial question:"And who is my neighbor?" (Luke 10:29)
Previously, we discussed how the oral laws of the Jews often complicated simple commands. For example, instead of simply obeying the Sabbath law, Jewish scholars wrote long interpretations to define what counted as "work."
Similarly, in this instance, the lawyer wanted to define "neighbor". He was essentially saying:"The law commands us to love our neighbor, but we need to define who qualifies as a neighbor, right?"
This question reveals the narrow understanding of "neighbor" among the Jews. In their minds, a neighbor usually referred to fellow Jews—those of the same faith and ethnicity.
Even today, many of us have unspoken definitions of "neighbor":
People in our church
Family members
Relatives
Friends (the ones we like)
We often think that loving these people is enough.
However, instead of answering with theory, Jesus responded with a story:
"A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and he fell among robbers, who stripped him and beat him and departed, leaving him half dead." (Luke 10:30)
At that time, the road from Jerusalem to Jericho was a dangerous mountain path, about 27 km long, notorious for frequent robberies. This type of incident was not uncommon.
In the story, three people encountered the injured man:
(1) The Priest—Saw Him, but Passed By
"Now by chance, a priest was going down that road, and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side." (Luke 10:31)
The priest served in the Temple, performing religious duties. According to Jewish law, if he touched a dead body, he would be ritually unclean and unable to serve in the Temple. Serving in the Temple was a rare and honorable opportunity, so he chose to ignore the injured man rather than risk losing his religious privilege.
(2) The Levite—Saw Him, but Passed By
"So likewise a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side." (Luke 10:32)
The Levites were responsible for various Temple duties. This man may have feared that the injured man was part of a trap—sometimes robbers used an injured person as bait to ambush travelers.
Thus, the Levite chose personal safety over compassion.
Both the priest and Levite were highly respected in Jewish society, yet neither chose to help.
Their reasons might have been considered justifiable according to Jewish law and cultural expectations.
(3) The Samaritan—Showed Compassion and Took Action
"But a Samaritan, as he journeyed, came to where he was, and when he saw him, he had compassion." (Luke 10:33)
At that time, Jews and Samaritans were bitter enemies due to long-standing religious and historical conflicts. Jews considered Samaritans to be heretics and avoided any interaction with them. They even found it disgusting to speak to a Samaritan.
Previously, when a Samaritan village rejected Jesus, the disciples even asked Jesus if they should call down fire to destroy it. This shows the deep hatred between Jews and Samaritans.
However, in this story, it was not the priest or Levite but the despised Samaritan who truly lived out the commandment to love one's neighbor!
The Samaritan did not just feel compassion, but he took action:
He cleaned and bandaged the man’s wounds. (Offering medical care)
He placed the man on his own donkey. (Giving up his comfort for the injured man)
He took him to an inn and took care of him. (Providing extended care)
He paid for his stay and promised to cover further expenses. (Demonstrating long-term commitment to help)
This completely shattered the Jewish understanding of "neighbor."
Jesus' Conclusion
Finally, Jesus asked the lawyer:"Which of these three, do you think, proved to be a neighbor to the man who fell among the robbers?" (Luke 10:36)
Notice that the lawyer could not even bring himself to say "Samaritan"—he still held his prejudice—so he simply answered:"The one who showed him mercy." (Luke 10:37)
Then Jesus said:"Go and do likewise." (Luke 10:37)
Lessons from the Parable
Expanding the Definition of "Neighbor"
The Jews believed "neighbor" meant only fellow Jews, but Jesus redefined it as anyone in need, regardless of race, nationality, or background.
True Love Requires Action
Religious titles (priest, Levite) do not equal love.
Real love is demonstrated through action.
The Samaritan not only felt compassion but acted by helping, paying, and continuing to care.
Jesus' Call: "Go and Do Likewise"
This is not just a story but a command to action—are we willing to help those who are different from us, even those we have conflicts with?
Final Reflection
Who is my neighbor?
Does my definition of "neighbor" match Jesus'?
The best portion is drawing near to Jesus.
Do we serve so much that we forget to spend time with Him?
Thank you for listening. May God bless you! 🙏
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